Histomorphological Spectrum of Gastric Polyps: A Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India

Abstract Introduction: Gastric polyps are often incidentally detected during endoscopic evaluations, with a prevalence of approximately 5% in endoscopy cases. Their diagnosis and classification rely on histopathological examination to determine their nature and potential for malignancy. Common gastric polyps include hyperplastic polyps, fundic gland polyps, and adenomatous polyps. This study aims to evaluate the histopathological spectrum of gastric polyps in a tertiary care setting and document the associated clinical presentations. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2019 to February 2023 at a tertiary care centre in South India. A total of 124 patients with histopathologically confirmed gastric polyps were included. Patients with known gastric malignancies were excluded. Results: The study population showed a slight female predominance (53.2%). The most common clinical complaint was dyspepsia, reported by 61% of patients. Most patients were in the age group of 51–80 years. Hyperplastic polyps were the most frequently observed type (47.16%), followed by fundic gland polyps (40.65%). The body of the stomach was the most common site of polyp occurrence (47.15%). Conclusion: The findings suggest a predominance of fundic gland polyps in the studied South Indian population. Additionally, Helicobacter pylori infection was detected in more than 45% of hyperplastic polyps, emphasizing its potential role in polyp formation. Routine histopathological evaluation remains crucial for accurate classification and risk assessment of gastric polyps. Further studies are warranted to explore the clinical implications and long-term outcomes of gastric polyp management.