Non-albicans Candidabecomea greater Risk of Candiduria in Diabetes Patients

Background: Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic is becoming more common worldwide and has many negative effects.  It has been widely recognized that being exposed to antibiotics, age, sex, diabetes mellitus and, immunodeficiency is the major risks factor for Candiduria. Individuals with diabetes are more vulnerable to upper urinary tract infections; in fact, over 80% of patients with diabetes get UTI. Therefore, Candiduria in diabetic mellitus patients have higher mortality rate. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species are currently more common in various locations across the world and causes infections as compare to Candida albicans. Therefore, determining the prevalence of candiduria in DM patients was the aim of this investigation. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study and carried out in Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India from July 2023 to June 2024. Before enrolling the patients in the study, their informed consent was obtained. MSU samples were obtained from diabetic patients. Gram staining, 10% KOH mount and cultured on SDA followed by identification of species by using biochemical tests. Results: Out of 101 samples 34 (33.66%) were positive for Candiduria. Among 101 samples from diabetic patients 64 (63.36%) were male and 37 (36.64%) female patients. Among 64 male DM patients 14 (21.87%) were positive for Candiduria and out of 37 females 20 (54.05%) were positive Candiduria. A total of 34 Candida species were isolates, among them 14/34 (41.17%) were Candida albicans and 20 (58.82%) were NAC. Among NAC 8/34 (23.52%) were Candida glabrata followed by 5/34 (14.70%) were Candida parapsilosis, 4/34 (11.76%) were Candida krusei and 3/34 (8.82%) were Candida tropicalis. Conclusion: It is impossible to ignore the emergence of NAC species in diabetic patients who are female and elderly. In all microbiological laboratories, we can unfold the epidemiology and emergence of NAC.