Internet of thing based controlled spray for deposited solution to enhance dye-sensitized solar cell performance

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted much interest over the past twenty years due to their persistent application. Modifications to various solar cell manufacturing methods are now required to achieve high efficiency, significantly impacted by parameters such as thickness. In this investigation, improvisation was implemented through the development of an aerosol that is machine-smart. This smart spray is controlled by an Internet of Things system that uses Blynk software, which is very helpful in managing the spray's on and off times. Furthermore, the strategy has been proposed to improve the efficiency of the DSSC. Spray pyrolysis was employed as an effective method for DSSC fabrication. This method was selected for its affordability, ease of use, and ability to generate substantial quantities of metal oxides, coatings, and thin films. It supported various solutions and enabled precise control over the mixture composition. The method ensured uniform deposition of compounds on thin films, along with straightforward measurement of thickness and surface characteristics. The surface morphology was analysed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and the efficiency was evaluated using I-V measurements. X-ray Diffraction was used to confirm the presence of TiO2. The optimised height is 12 cm, as indicated by the outcomes, which gives a high efficiency of 11%. As a result, the uniform distribution of the solution on the substrate significantly influenced the enhancement of DSSC.