Comparative analysis of the efficacy of transanal endoscopic microsurgery and endoscopic submucosal dissection in the treatment of rectal tumors

Background:The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) in the treatment of rectal cancers.Materials and Methods: Between January 2021 and January 2023, one hundred patients with rectal tumors came to our hospital.They were randomized into two groups: the ESD group (n = 50) and the TEM group (n = 50).We made comparisons between hospital stay, antibiotic usage rate, intraoperative hemorrhage, and surgery time.Additionally, we assessed the complete tumor resection rate, tumor residual rate, recurrence rate, time of first anal discharge, and serum levels of motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS).A 6-month follow-up period was also used to compare the two groups' complication occurrence.Results: In the ESD group, surgical time, antibiotic usage rate, and hospital stay were significantly reduced compared to the TEM group (P < 0.05).No statistically significant difference in intraoperative bleeding was observed (P > 0.05).Complete tumor resection rate, tumor residual rate, recurrence rate, first anal discharge time, serum MTL and GAS levels, and incidence of complications showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: TEM and ESD demonstrate comparable efficacy in treating rectal tumors.However, ESD exhibits advantages over TEM, including shorter surgical and hospitalization times and lower antibiotic application rates.These findings offer valuable insights for the clinical management of rectal tumors.