Social Network Interaction Mapping and the Impact of Land Use Change in Malino Tourism Area, Gowa Regency, Indonesia

Abstract In recent years, Malino has experienced rapid development as a tourist destination. This is characterized by the increasing number of visitors and the development of tourist infrastructure. With its development as a tourist destination, Malino has experienced significant land use changes. Forests and agricultural land are transformed into inns, restaurants, and other tourist infrastructure. The loss of flora and fauna habitat, damage to biodiversity, erosion, sedimentation, a decrease in water quality, and environmental pollution are a long list within the scope of the environmental crisis that occurs. Not only related to the environmental crisis, the impact of land use changes can also cause social conflict between communities related to access to natural resources, as well as the loss of livelihoods for people who depend on the agricultural and forestry sectors. In this study, we want to see how the dynamics of land use change that occur in the Malino tourist area affect the structure and dynamics of social networks between actors and the impact of land use change on environmental, social, and economic aspects. The method used in this research is a field survey with in-depth interviews and participatory mapping using the Arcgis Survey123 platform from Esri to visitors, local residents, and tourism managers with 130 respondents. The spatial approach was carried out to determine the extent of the dynamics of land use change identified in the scheme of village areas included in Malino tourism in Gowa Regency, including 7 villages, including Bonto Lerung Village, Bulutana Village, Kanreapia Village, Gantarang Village, Manimbahoi Village, Pattapang Village, and Malino Village. Based on the results of the field survey, 32.37 percent said that the role of the community in managing the tourist area was very important, as well as the argument that the economic impact on tourism revenue increased by about 3.62% of the usual income. However, the rate of land use changed from high-density secondary dryland forest to shrubs in the last 9 years increased to 327.01 hectares. The rate of land use changes from forested to vacant and abandoned land is 62.00 hectares, and from forested to tourist support infrastructure is about 2.72 hectares. This shows that the growth of tourism affects the loss of forest in the Malino tourism area.