The history of relations between Turkey and the Soviet Union in the 20-30s of the ХХ century

In the article the process of formation of the Soviet-Turkish dialogue was examined, when the liberation war of Turkey after the end of the First World War and the contribution of the USSR to the victory of Turkey in this war was going on. The authors analysed the reasons and positive results of the Soviet-Turkish cooperation and Ankara's position on the possible spread of communist influence in the country, and exam-ined the transformation of diplomatic relations between Ankara and Moscow from positive to negative. The authors examined the divergence of positions on the Straits issue on the eve of the Lausanne Conference and identified the positions of the two governments on the Straits issue. The activities of the Soviet government to identify the reasons that led to the cooling in Soviet-Turkish relations in the middle of 1923 were highlighted. In the article the influence of diplomatic and military measures taken by the USSR in the framework of the implementation of agreements on the division of spheres of interest with Germany (the Soviet-Finnish war,etc.) on the position of Turkey towards the Soviet Union in the late 30s of the twentieth century was also analysed.