Thermodynamic bounce effect in quantum BTZ black hole

A bstract A novel thermodynamic phenomenon has been observed in the quantum Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (qBTZ) black hole, utilizing generalized free energy and Kramers escape rate. This phenomenon also reveals the unique property of the quantum black hole. The stochastic thermal motion of various thermodynamic states within the black hole system induces phase transitions, under the influence of generalized free energy which obtained by extending Maxwell’s construction. Through the analysis of Kramers escape rate, it is discovered that the qBTZ black hole thermodynamic system exhibits a bounce effect. It originates from the non-monotonicity of entropy in black hole thermodynamic systems. Furthermore, the overall thermodynamic picture of the qBTZ black hole has been obtained under different quantum backreactions.