Non-Dialysis-Associated Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: A Unique Case Presentation and Surgical Intervention

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare condition involving a thick fibrocollagenous membrane surrounding the small intestine, often associated with peritoneal dialysis. Its occurrence in non-dialysis patients is not well-studied. A man in his 30s from India presented with severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. CT imaging revealed small bowel dilation with a transition zone. Diagnostic laparoscopy and exploratory laparotomy identified a thick fibrous rind encasing the small bowel, suspected to be linked to peritoneal tuberculosis (TB) based on positive QuantiFERON-TB and purified protein derivative (PPD) tests. This case highlights that EPS can occur in patients without a history of dialysis, potentially due to TB. Recognition of this rare condition and further research into its causes is essential for improving diagnostic and treatment strategies.