Enhancement Of Power Efficiency In Hybrid Solar Thermal Systems

This paper investigates the output power and efficiency improvement of hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) modules by utilizing the heat generated on the surface of the panels. This is achieved through single-axis tracking of the hybrid PV/T system based on the zenith angle and by reducing the heat generated in the PV modules through flow rate control. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results for fixed and tracking PV/T hybrid systems is presented. The Comsol software package is utilized to simulate the electromagnetic waves produced by the sun by solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions, with solar irradiance assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution over twelve morning hours. Additionally, experimental work is conducted, informed by the theoretical insights gained from simulations in Comsol Multiphysics. In the experimental phase, a single-axis sun-tracking system is designed, wherein the movement of a photovoltaic module is controlled to follow the sun's radiation using a Data Acquisition (DAQ) unit. Furthermore, an active cooling system is developed and implemented to cool both fixed and tracking modules. This system consists of an absorber unit made of copper pipes welded to aluminum plates, which are attached beneath the PV modules to facilitate water flow. The study also includes an electrical analysis of both systems, evaluating I-V curves, P-V characteristics, power output over twelve morning hours, and electrical efficiency. Additionally, thermal analysis is conducted for both fixed and tracking PV modules and the water piping system, measuring input and output temperatures, total heat energy losses, and thermal efficiency. As a result, a significant enhancement in total electrical efficiency is observed, accompanied by a modest but acceptable increase in the output water temperature.