"Risk Stratification Based On Obesity, Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, And Metabolic Syndrome In Patients With Confirmed Bone Disorders"

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), a constellation of interrelated metabolic abnormalities, has been extensively associated with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. However, its role in bone health remains underexplored despite shared pathophysiological pathways. This study investigates the prevalence of MetS components—central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia—and their association with clinically confirmed bone disorders, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, among a cohort of 250 patients aged 10 to 80 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ashutosh Physiotherapy Centre, Vasundhara Sector 15, Ghaziabad - 201012, Uttar Pradesh. Using a cohort of patients with bone disorders. Diagnostic criteria for MetS were based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines, incorporating waist circumference thresholds, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels. Statistical analyses, including multivariable logistic regression, were performed to identify independent associations between MetS clusters and bone disorders. Clinical and biochemical data were complemented by demographic insights to explore gender and age-based prevalence trends. Results: Among the study population, fasting blood glucose (FBS) was the most prevalent MetS component (86%), followed by central obesity (76%) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (66%). Cluster analysis revealed that combinations of FBS, central obesity, and low HDL-C were strongly correlated with reduced bone integrity, particularly in older age groups. The prevalence of hypertension (57%) and high triglycerides (33%) further highlighted the systemic metabolic burden contributing to skeletal fragility. Notably, males exhibited a slightly higher prevalence of bone disorders (54%) compared to females (46%), with the 61–70 age group being the most affected. Conclusion: The findings underscore a significant overlap between MetS and bone disorders, driven by shared risk factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and adipokine dysregulation. These insights advocate for integrated screening protocols and multidisciplinary management strategies targeting metabolic and skeletal health. Early interventions, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapies, and nutritional supplementation, are essential to mitigate the dual burden of MetS and bone disorders, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.