Bangladesh: Balancing Sovereignty and Security in the Future of Maritime and Territorial Governance Under International Law

Objectives: This study examines the critical concepts of land and maritime sovereignty within international law, focusing on their evolution from Roman times to contemporary challenges posed by global maritime claims. Theoretical Framework: Anchored in principles of sovereignty and international legal structures, the study emphasizes the significance of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) as a cornerstone of maritime governance. Method: Through a qualitative analysis of legal texts, treaties, and case studies, the research evaluates the implications of UNCLOS in balancing sovereignty with global maritime interests, with a particular focus on Bangladesh’s context. Results and Discussion: The findings underscore the vital role of the ocean in global trade, carrying over 85% of international commerce. Despite the structured legal framework provided by UNCLOS, maritime disputes persist, revealing vulnerabilities of coastal states due to external geopolitical pressures and internal limitations. Bangladesh emerges as a case study, illustrating the need for enhanced international cooperation and legislative reforms to address these challenges. Research Implications: The study highlights the urgency for global recognition of coastal states' sovereign rights, advocating for balanced jurisdictional practices to protect territorial integrity and sustainably manage maritime resources. Originality/Value: By situating sovereignty concerns within the broader scope of UNCLOS and international law, the paper provides a nuanced understanding of the interplay between national sovereignty and global governance, offering valuable insights for policymakers and international legal scholars.