Analysis of uric acid levels, age, and gender as risk factors for kidney stones

Introduction: Kidney stones are formed from crystals and organic materials in the urinary system, with the most common types being calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate stones. The main risk factors include a diet high in purines, obesity, dehydration, smoking, and geographical location. High levels of uric acid also play a significant role in the formation of kidney stones by increasing calcium excretion and decreasing citrate excretion in the urine. Other influencing risk factors include age and gender. Kidney stones are more commonly found in individuals aged 55-64 years and are predominantly male. This study aims to determine the relationship between uric acid levels, age, and gender with the incidence of kidney stones at RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Methods: This study uses an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. Hypothesis testing analysis using the Fisher’s exact statistical test with 52 sample data. Results: In the Fisher’s Exact test, the relationship between uric acid levels and the incidence of kidney stones yielded an expected value of 0.025 with an OR of 10.105 (95% CI = 1.160-87.995), the relationship between age and the incidence of kidney stones was 0.468 with an OR (95% CI 0.448-8.150), and the relationship between gender and kidney stones was 0.283 with an OR of 0.361 (95% CI 0.067-1.942). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between uric acid levels and the incidence of kidney stones, but there is no significant relationship between age and gender with the incidence of kidney stones.