Design and Optimization of a Multiband SIW Antenna Using the PSO Algorithm

In this work, we propose an innovative method for the design and optimization of a compact, multiband SIW antenna with dimensions of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$30 \times 20\text{mm}^{2}$</tex>. The antenna uses substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology and features two V-shaped resonators etched on its top surface. Optimization was carried out using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, programmed in MATLAB, which enhanced the antenna's performance. This approach enabled us to design a multiband SIW antenna capable of resonating in five narrow bands centered on the frequencies of 9 GHz, 10 GHz, 10.4 GHz, 13 GHz, and 14 GHz. These frequencies are particularly well-suited for applications in radar systems, satellite communications, and high-frequency data transmission, notably in the X-band (9 GHz-12 GHz) and Ku-band (12 GHz-18 GHz). Simulations indicate that the antenna achieves a maximum gain of 7.1 dBi, making it an excellent choice for radar and satellite communication systems in the specified frequency bands.