Impact of Variable Viscosity and Gravity Variations on Rayleigh-Bénard Instabilities of Viscoelastic Liquids in Energy Sustainable System

Energy sustainability systems are vital for transitioning to a low-carbon economy, addressing climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future for all. Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) in viscoelastic liquids is a crucial phenomenon in various industrial and environmental applications, including energy sustainability systems where fluid dynamics play a pivotal role in optimizing heat transfer and system efficiency. The study deals with the combined influence of variable viscosity and variable gravity on RBC in viscoelastic liquids. The influence of space-dependent gravity on the onset of convection is considered. The results are analyzed against the background of constant gravity RBC in viscoelastic/Newtonian liquids with constant/variable viscosity. The possibility of variable gravity accelerating/decelerating the onset of convective instability is examined in this paper.