Coverage Analysis Under Multi-Altitude Orbits for Multi-layer Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellations Using Stochastic Geometry

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems can provide wide-coverage and low-latency communication services, making them suitable for global mobile communications, navigation positioning, military operations, remote sensing, and resource exploration, etc. Recently, LEO satellite constellation are gaining increasing attention, consequently facing with the challenge of scarcity of spectrum and space resources. As satellite frequency bands follow the principle of “first come, first served”, countries that started late in the satellite field are more eager to seize space resources. In this paper, we derive analytical model for the coverage probability under multi-altitude orbits for a multi-layer LEO satellite constellation based on stochastic geometry. The distribution of the satellite constellation along the latitude at different inclinations angles is non-homogeneous, we compensate for this phenomenon by calculating the effective number of satellites in the constellation. We then perform simulations of the VLEO (very low Earth orbit) constellation in the presence of interference from other satellite constellations, and the results provide insights into the selection of parameters such as constellation density, altitude range, inclination angle and minimum elevation angle which can help to launch the VLEO constellation more efficiently.