Fluorescent Nucleic Acid Biosensors: A Comparative Study of DNA and RNA-Based Sensing Platforms

Biosensors have emerged as crucial tools in biomedical research, offering sensitive and specific detection of various biomolecules. These are the tools that use fluorescent molecules to sense the presence of working of given biological targets. These sensors work by detecting fluorescent molecules and are used in a wide range of applications ranging from health care to medical sciences and many biotechnological industries like environmental detection, pollution monitoring, food analysis, pathogen biomedical research, etc, which will be elaborated specifically in the later sections. This sheds light on the structures, properties, and the many applications of DNA and RNA-based fluorescent biosensors. We elaborate on the main principle behind the working of fluorescent aptamer-based biosensors and their applications. The paper contains information on their specificity and sensitivity. It is important to explain the functions and processes of various applications, including their anomalies and benefits. Current diagnostic tools are unable to meet the needs of detecting parasitic diseases, and a new detection strategy based on aptamers, characterised by high precision and affinity for target mould, has been developed recently. Here we talk about aptamer-based viral protein detection, biosensors in cancer detection, and Nipah virus detection.