Indigenous Knowledge in Watershed Management: The Case of the Mara River Basin, Tanzania

Achieving sustainable water resource utilization requires a holistic management approach that recognizes the knowledge and values of different stakeholders through a comprehensive participation approach. This study evaluates the indigenous knowledge and technologies employed in watershed management by analyzing qualitative and quantitative data from six villages in the Mara River Basin area. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys. The findings show that although participants work in tandem with scientific knowledge, indigenous knowledge and technologies continue to be important in watershed management, and that indigenous groups are cognizant of the effects of climate change, with 76.6% of respondents noting a decrease in rainfall and 78.0% observing changes in the rainy season. The integration of scientific knowledge with indigenous knowledge yields significant benefits for watershed management, and it is evident that indigenous communities possess a wealth of knowledge. The results show that involving indigenous communities in watershed management will benefit both water managers and indigenous populations. This engagement can build trust and a sense of ownership, which will lead to sustainable natural resource management.