ARAP EDEBİYATINDA DİDAKTİK ŞİİR VE CAHİLİYE DÖNEMİ İLE İSLAM’IN İLK YILLARINDAKİ İZLERİ

Poetry is an important literary element that has a history as old as human history and plays a major role in the transfer of culture between civilizations. “Didactic poetry”, a type of poetry that received its systematic name during the Abbasid period but whose existence dates back to before Christ, has come to the fore at different times of life and in various positions. In terms of the ease of memorization, it was used as a teaching method mostly by scholars in the field of education. In this article, a comparison is made between the purposes and ways in which didactic poetry was used in the Jahiliyyah period and the early days of Islam. As a matter of fact, the use of the genre, which is called al-shi'ru't-ta'lîmi in Arabic and didactic poetry in Turkish, in the Jahiliyyah period and in the early years of Islam has some differences in terms of subject matter. In this study, it is emphasized that the poets of the Jahiliyyah period used didactic poetry as tribal, warlike and preaching, but with Islam, instead of these features, the emphasis was on encouragement to Islam, notification and raising awareness with praise about the Prophet. In the introduction, a brief summary of the literature on the subject is given and information about the different aspects of this study is given. In the article, in which the survey method is used, first of all, it is tried to present what didactic poetry is and what its characteristics are in summary form. In the study, it is aimed to show through examples that this type of poetry existed before the period in which it emerged independently and that it was used in various ways in different fields. In addition, a general framework has been tried to be drawn by defining the didactic poetry in dictionary and terminology, mentioning its aims and purposes, its historical course, its use in the aforementioned periods, its representatives and its characteristics. Due to their broad scope, the periods in question are covered in subject headings and the relevant sections are supported with examples from famous poets.