Wildlife Management Implications for Sexually Segregated Ungulates: Lessons from Kashmir Markhor

Sexual segregation occurs when the habitats used by males and females of a species differ markedly. Sexual segregation in ungulates sets up special challenges for conservation and management. Abstract This paper explores the consequences of sexual segregation with regard to the conservation of the endangered Kashmir Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmerieinsis) in Chitral Gol National Park (CGNP), Pakistan. Traditional conservation strategies have led to stable populations, but often use a "one-size-fits-all" approach that ignores ecological and behavioural differences between sexes, resulting in wastefulness. This paper seeks to examine ecological drivers of sexual segregation, assess current management practices, and use this information to provide the foundation for a sex-specific conservation framework. Inspired by experiences with other ungulate species living in isolation, including bighorn sheep and mountain goats, the lessons channel the crucial information necessary for effective on-the-ground conservation of the Kashmir Markhor in their rugged mountain habitat, informing habitat management, resource availabilities, and monitoring programs.