Single-Station Passive Localization Combining Circular Trajectory and Doppler Frequency

Traditional single-station passive localization methods based on Doppler frequency require high-precision frequency measurement equipment and have stringent demands on the accuracy of Doppler frequency measurements. To address this issue, this paper proposes a single-station passive localization method that combines a circular motion trajectory with Doppler frequency. This method does not require specific Doppler frequency measurements, thereby significantly reducing the precision requirements for Doppler frequency measurement. First, a UAV flies along a specified circular trajectory and records the maximum and minimum Doppler frequencies during its flight. At these moments, the UAV's radial velocity equals its linear velocity, directed respectively towards and away from the target radiation source. Then, using the UAV's navigation and positioning system, the corresponding coordinate positions are obtained, and tangents are drawn at these positions. Finally, the intersection of these tangents indicates the location of the radiation source. Experimental simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately locate the radiation source target. Additionally, this paper conducts a simulation analysis of the factors affecting localization accuracy. The results indicate that minimizing errors is crucial for improving localization accuracy in practical applications.