Recovery of Consciousness and Rehabilitation in a Patient with Brain Tissue Herniation

Background: Cranioplasty (CP) after traumatic craniectomy is a neurosurgical procedure that aims to restore esthetics, improve cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, and protect the brain. This report describes the management and treatment outcomes of a patient with a severe head injury from a traffic accident who was admitted to the hospital with a large irregular wound a parietal bone fracture and brain tissue protrusion. Introduction: The patient was admitted to the hospital in shock and anesthesia after a traffic accident. Examinations revealed an irregular wound of approximately 10 cm in the parietal region of the head with brain tissue protrusion. With the stabilization of the general condition and normalization of vital signs, urgent surgical intervention was performed to control bleeding, prevent brain tissue blunting, and repair bone fractures. Also, subsequent surgeries were performed to correct the bone defect in the frontoparietal and supraorbital areas, which improved the patient's condition overall. Conclusion: This report demonstrates the ability of local professionals to successfully manage patients with severe head injuries in Afghanistan, a country with limited access to health services due to prolonged conflict. Appropriate management, close monitoring, and appropriate surgery save patients’ lives and lead to better clinical outcomes. This case highlights the importance of investing in domestic health infrastructure and the need to provide specialized services within the country to reduce disability and mortality.