Onboard biofuel monitoring: Carbon inventory according to the type of energy consumed

Fossil fuel combustion contributes to climate change through carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Renewable fuels are an option for mitigating greenhouse gases (GHG) while using the same engine technology. Because ethanol as a biofuel is a feasible renewable source of energy, this study aims to develop a method for onboard monitoring of ethanol and gasoline fuel consumption and recording CO 2 emissions inventory of each fuel. The fuel injector pulse was used as the reference for the calculation. The cumulative CO 2 emissions recorded on real driving emissions routes showed emissions of 80.5 g CO 2 /km for fossil fuel and 105.6 g CO 2 /km for biofuel. This method allows the creation of onboard records according to the sources of CO 2 , fossil fuels, and biofuel to create an inventory using components available in the engine. Blending biofuels into gasoline is a way to reduce the environmental impact of current propulsion technologies during the transition to zero-emission vehicles.