Assessing the Security and Architectural Frameworks of Self-Driving Cars in Smart Cities

This review aims at presenting a clear understanding of AVs in smart cities, more specifically in terms of technological development, inherent challenges, and social impacts. LiDAR sensors and the communication protocols essential for improving the navigation and safety of AVs in urban areas are explored. The review brings together recent studies and notes the resultant adversities of the AV sensor system with respect to the weather impact as well as the need to strengthen protection against cyber-crimes. Other key areas of concern include road traffic control, traffic flow reduction, energy conservation, and changes in the transport system usage within urban areas. In incorporating various aspects related to the AV integration, the review highlights the role of policy makers, researchers and industry players, and stresses the need for regulatory framework, societal acceptance, and design of interaction between human and computers as crucial in the development of AVs. AVs hold the potential of enabling smarter, safer, and sustainable cities worldwide in the future and the consequent growth of sensor technology and communication networks for AV technologies are prospective for urban mobility.