Dietary Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) as a Food Additive on the Growth Performance, Body Composition and Health Status of Cultured Oreochromis niloticus

This study demonstrates that supplementing the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets with dandelion leaves (DL) can significantly improve growth, body composition, immune responses, and overall health. Fish fed the highest DL concentration (2.00g/ kg) exhibited the best growth parameters, including weight, total length, weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival rate, compared to the control group. Additionally, body protein and lipid content increased, while moisture and ash content decreased in these fish. Hematological and bio-somatic indices, including total protein, glucose, antioxidant enzymes, and reduced oxidative stress markers, were significantly better in fish fed DL. Immune system responses, such as increased levels of glutathione, lysozyme, and nitric oxide, were enhanced, indicating an improved immune health. Furthermore, histological analysis showed improvements in the intestinal structure of the treated fish. These findings suggest that dandelion leaf supplementation, particularly at 1.00 and 2.00g/ kg, can greatly enhance the growth, immune function, and overall well-being of the Nile tilapia, making it a promising natural feed additive for sustainable fish farming.