Histological Evaluation of the Potential Effect of Stromal Vascular Fraction versus Selenium Nanoparticles on Pancreas and Liver in Type 1 Diabetic Male Albino Rat Model

Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DMT1) is a worldwide health priority, associated with multiorgan complications including liver injury and fibrosis that may lead to permanent cirrhosis and cancer. The present work pointed to comparing the potential effects of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) versus nanoparticles of selenium (SeNPs) on pancreas and liver in DMT1 in adult male albino rats Materials and Methods: The work included 32 adult male albino rats divided into: Donor rats, Group I (Control rats), Group II (Untreated rats): given STZ (50 mg/kg), once by intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Group III (SVF treated rats): given 2 doses of SVF (1.5 × 106 cells/rat) by IP injection on the 4th and 18th days following STZ injection, Group IV (SeNPs treated rats): received oral SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg/day) 3 days following STZ injection for 4 weeks. All rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after STZ injection. Serum glucose, alanine transaminase (ALT), tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured. Histological (H&E, Masson’s, insulin & GFAP immunostaining), morphoquantitative studies followed by statistical study were done. Results: Untreated rats showed disturbed pancreatic and liver architecture with degenerated islets and liver cells, mild inflammatory hepatic infiltrate and portal tract changes. An increase was found statistically in serum glucose & ALT values, pancreatic MDA level, liver collagen deposition and GFAP +ve immunoreaction, as well as significant decrease in pancreatic catalase level and insulin +ve immunoreaction. While groups III and IV showed restoration of the normal histological, biochemical and morphometric parameters. Conclusion: Both SVF and SeNPs proved similar therapeutic effect on pancreas and protective effect on liver in type 1 diabetic adult male albino rats. Key Words: DMT1, liver fibrosis, SVF, SeNPs, HSCs.