Elements of Ibn Salām Al-Jumaḥī's Criticism on the Poet Jāhiliyyah in the Book of Ṭabaqāt Fuḥūl As-Shu'arā'

The golden age of the Abbasid Caliphate was marked by the development of various sciences, including language, literature, and criticism, which received much attention from the caliphs. Al-Jumaḥī pioneered systematic criticism in the Abbasid period, where criticism was not only limited to words but also in writing. This study aims to find out the elements of criticism used by Ibn Salām al-Jumaḥī at the ten levels of the jāhiliyyah poet in the book Ṭabaqāt Fuḥūl As- Shu'arā'. This is done because al-Jumaḥī does not explicitly mention all the elements of criticism that he uses to classify poets. This is among the first studies looking into the elements of criticism used by Ibn Salām al-Jumaḥī at the ten level of the jāhiliyyah poet in the book Ṭabaqāt Fuḥūl As-Shu'arā. This research is descriptive-qualitative of content analysis. In this study, it was found that four elements underlie the classification of al-Jumaḥī in the book Ṭabaqāt Fuḥūl As-Shu'arā', especially in the poet jāhiliyyah. The four elements are 1. Popularity (poet criticism), 2. The beauty of poetry in terms of language and meaning (linguistic criticism and meaning), 3. 'Arūḍ and qafiyah (criticism of 'arūḍ), and 4. Quantity of Poems (criticism of the number of poems and the diversity of themes). This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the elements of criticism used by al-Jumaḥī to make ten levels of the jāhiliyyah poet in the book Ṭabaqāt Fuḥūl As-Shu'arā.