The Evolution of Mortise and Tenon Joints in Chinese Ancient Architecture

Since the emergence of mortise and tenon joints in the Neolithic periods, it was renowned for its aesthetic value and strength, especially in Chinese traditional timber buildings. The use of mortise and tenon joints lasted for nearly 3000 years and is now experiencing a trend of decline due to the emergence of modern building materials like masonry, steel, and even nanomaterials. This paper begins with the origin of mortise and tenon structure from China, introduces the development stages of mortise and tenon joints in chronological order by introducing the forms of mortise and tenon structure in different dynasties and the application of these forms in typical examples, and concludes the evolutionary trends of mortise and tenon joints while analyzing what could be reflected from different forms of them in different stages. Lastly, by reviewing the decline of mortise and tenon joints in modern times, the paper will focus on the feasible ways of protecting this ancient technic. This paper will investigate the evolution of mortise and tenon joints from diverse aspects including historical background, technology, and social values in different periods, and highlight the significance of making efforts to protect this historical heritage by analyzing its historical and cultural values.