Optimization of Clotrimazole-Loaded Ethyl Cellulose and Natural Gum Facilitated Microsponges: Formulation and Characterization

This study aimed to optimize Clotrimazole-loaded microsponges using a 42factorial design, incorporating ethyl cellulose and natural gum derived from Onosma Bracteatum leaves. The microsponges were formulated using an emulsion solvent diffusion method, with ethyl cellulose concentration and natural gum concentration as independent variables. DSC and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that clotrimazole has good compatibility with excipients and excellent interactions and stability. Spherical microsponges were seen to have a porous surface using scanning electron microscopy. The optimized formulation demonstrated a particle size of 74.55 ± 1.07 μm, entrapment efficiency of 62.52 ± 1.84 %, and % yield of 52.63 ± 1.13. A design of experiments (DOE) approach identified significant model terms, enabling predictive optimization through mathematical models and visual analysis via contour and 3D plots. The optimized microsponges demonstrated extended drug release, achieving 86.44% release over 10 hours with gum incorporation, compared to 76.85% without gum. This sustained release was attributed to non-collapsible structural formations. These findings underscore the potential of clotrimazole-loaded microsponges as an effective platform for sustained drug delivery. This research highlights the potential of combining ethyl cellulose and natural gum in microsponge formulation for enhanced drug delivery of Clotrimazole, offering a promising approach for topical antifungal therapy.