Laccase Enzyme: As A Sustainable Catalyst For Bioremediation Strategies

ABSTRACT: "Laccase, belonging to the blue multicopper oxidases enzyme category, exhibits notable oxidation capabilities. Despite its potential to generate reactive radicals, its commercial utilization has been largely underestimated. Nonetheless, laccase can be sourced from diverse origins, including bacteria( Bacillus, streptomyces etc), fungi like white rot fungi and plants for e.g. wheat, castor, white pear etc. It demonstrates efficacy in degrading both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds by converting molecular oxygen to water, offering a distinctive ability to detoxify environmental contaminants. Consequently, laccases have found extensive applications across industries such as paper, pulp, textiles, dye degradation and petrochemicals. Moreover, they are utilized in food processing, medical, and healthcare domains. Recent advancements have seen laccase employed in areas like biosensor development and nanotechnology. This review comprehensively examines laccase's biological functions, sources, mechanisms of action, and potential biotechnological applications."