The damages and significant effects of wildfire and stubble burning on vineyards and grapes

The viticulture sector is resolutely combatting the new threats posed by climate change. The impact of climate change, including rising temperatures, increased wind, and drought, has created more favorable conditions for wildfires. Wildfires and stubble burning can inflict substantial damage on vineyards, causing both physical harm and damage from radiant heat. The effect of fires can negatively impact various components of vineyards, such as leaves, shoots, buds, and fruit production organs, and in extreme cases, even lead to the complete destruction of vineyards. The extent of fire damage varies from one vineyard to another, depending on factors such as weather conditions, fire intensity, and the growth stage of the grapevine. At the same time, during fires, smoke carries particulate matter, gases, and volatile phenols that can harm vineyards and affect the chemical composition of grape berries. While the precise physiological effects of smoke exposure on plant growth and development are not fully understood, it is known that smoke can induce necrotic lesions on leaves, hinder photosynthesis, reduce sugar accumulation in fruits, and decrease yield. To assess fire damage, various techniques have been developed, with their application dependent on the severity of the damage. In conclusion, the viticulture sector must continue to develop further research and management strategies to prepare for and combat the threats posed by climate change and wildfires/stubble burning. By doing so, the industry can continue to produce high-quality grapes and wine despite environmental uncertainties.