ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL LITERACY LEVELS IN CHILDREN DURING FREE PLAY ACTIVITIES IN PRESCHOOLS BASED ON AGE AND GENDER FACTORS

This study aims to assess the physical literacy level of preschool children in free play activities and determine the significant differences in physical literacy levels based on age and gender factors. The study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 88 preschool children aged 5 and 6 years from preschool classes in the PPD areas within Selangor State. Data were collected using preschool physicel literacy (CFP) assessment instrument covering four domains of physical literacy which is physical competence, motivation and confidence, knowledge and understanding, and physical behavior. Descriptive statistical analysis results show that children have high levels of physical competence and physical behavior in free play, while motivation and confidence, knowledge and understanding are at moderate levels. The Mann-Whitney U test shows no significant differences in physical literacy levels based on gender (p = .177) and age (p = .886). These findings highlight that implementing physical activities and free play in preschool does not require strict adjustments based on gender or age, supporting the principle of inclusivity in the preschool curriculum. This study suggests an inclusive approach that promotes the development of physical competence and motor skills for all children regardless of gender and age. The theoretical implications based on the Physical Literacy Domain Model indicate that positive experiences in physical activities can enhance children's self-efficacy, motivation, and confidence. Recommendations for future research include expanding the sample sizeconducting comparative studies between urban and rural areas, investigating the influence of other factors such as parental education and socioeconomic status, and designing intervention programs to enhance preschool children's physical literacy. In conclusion, this study provides important guidance for educators and policymakers in planning more effective programs to promote physical literacy among preschool children in Malaysia.