The Emerging Factor Causing Aquatic Pollution: Micro and Nano Plastics: An Updated Review.

The pervasive presence of micro/nano plastics in aquatic environments has emerged as a critical environmental challenge, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their sources, behaviors, impacts, and removal strategies. This systematic review synthesizes recent advancements in the detection, impact assessment, and remediation of micro/nano plastics in water bodies. Through an in-depth analysis of contemporary studies, the review elucidates the multifaceted nature of plastic pollution, highlighting the efficacy of innovative technologies such as membrane bioreactors, electrocoagulation, biochar adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, magnetic nanoparticles, and bioremediation. These methodologies demonstrate varying degrees of success in mitigating the environmental and health risks associated with micro/nano plastics. The review underscores the importance of integrating technological innovations with policy measures to enhance the efficacy of water treatment processes and safeguard aquatic ecosystems. Future research directions are identified to address existing gaps and improve the scalability and implementation of these promising solutions.