Genetic variations in the MAPK15 gene and their relationship with milk production characteristics in Murrah buffalo

The dairy business is the primary source of revenue for dairy farmers in India and is considered one of the country's economy's most significant and dynamic agrifood sectors.The commercial viability of dairy farming is intimately linked to dairy cows' milk yield and composition.Milk volume and fat concentration are two crucial variables that directly impact the profitability and effectiveness of dairy operations.India is the foremost milk producer globally, achieving a remarkable total dairy output of 239.3 million tonnes in 2024 [1].Buffaloes represent nearly 50% of the cattle demographic (109.85 million) yet account for approximately 49.2%, while native cattle yield about ABSTRACT: The current research explored the link between genetic diversity in the Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15 (MAPK 15) gene of buffalo and the traits related to milk composition and production, employing PCR-SSCP and Sanger sequencing techniques.The MAPK 15 gene, situated on bovine chromosome 14 and encompassing 1,892 base pairs, consists of 14 exons and encodes the enzyme Mitogenactivated protein kinase 15 (566 amino acids).This enzyme plays an essential role in the development of the mammary glands and the lactation process.It engages in intracellular signalling pathways that oversee various cellular functions, including growth and differentiation, suggesting its potential impact on milk production and the properties of milk composition.The modified high-salt approach was used to extract genomic DNA from blood samples taken from 100 Murrah buffaloes.PCR amplified products were resolved by 8% non-denaturing PAGE.Resolved PCR products were genotyped according to the band pattern during SSCP.The examination uncovered a uniform pattern during PCR-SSCP, hinting at a likely lack of variation, which implies a significant level of preservation in Murrah buffaloes.The uniform structure of the MAPK15 gene in this research can assist in distinguishing the Murrah breed from various other buffalo breeds.The candidate gene needs further validation in a larger cohort for use in the selection of buffalo cows with required milk composition traits.