Soil Bacterial Communities in the Zone of Influence of Salt Dump (Solikamsk, Perm Krai)

Using the method of high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the taxonomic composition of soil bacterial communities (Technosol and Retisol) near the salt dump of a potassium enterprise (Solikamsk, Perm region) was analyzed. Soil samples without plants and the rhizosphere of plants of the species Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth) from areas located 1–1.5, 8, 780 m and 11 km from the salt dump were studied. It was found that bacteria from the phyla Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota and Gemmatimonadota predominated in all soil samples. Halite waste had the greatest impact on the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities on the soils of areas (in the salinity zone) located in the immediate vicinity of the salt dump (1–1.5 m). In soil samples without plants collected in these areas, relative to soils samples without salinity (at a distance of 8, 780 m, 11 km from the salt dump), bacteria of the order “Candidatus Actinomarinales” predominated; the proportion in the bacterial communities of representatives of the phyla Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, class Actinobacteria and the Chitinophagaceae family, the proportion of bacteria of the family Xanthomonadaceae increased. In rhizosphere bacterial communities of the plants growing in the salinity zone, the proportion of representatives of the phylum Acidobacteriota and the families Chitinophagaceae, Enterobacteriaceae decreased, and the proportion of the families Xanthomonadaceae and Flavobacteriaceae increased. The influence of the salt dump on the soil bacterial communities from areas located 8 m and 730 m from the salt dump was revealed, manifested in the presence of representatives of the order “Candidatus Actinomarinales” (1.4–1.6%), families Nitrosomonadaceae (3.0–6.1%), Saprospiraceae (1.0–1.9%), the genus Ilumatobacter (1.6–2.8%) and unculturable bacteria of the family Rhodanobacteraceae (1.3–1.5%).