The state of gonadotropic and prolactin-synthesizing function of the pituitary gland in adolescent girls with oligomenorrhea depending on the disease duration

Objective of the study: to find out the characteristics of the content of gonadotropins (luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones)and prolactin (PRL) at different duration of oligomenorrhea (OM) in adolescent girls.Materials and methods. A general clinical examination, laboratory study of gonadotropins, PRL, carbohydrate metabolism was conducted in 194 adolescent girls aged 12–18 years with OM. The control group included 30 adolescent girls without OM.Results. The average content of gonadotropins had significant differences with the control group and in comparing the groups with each other. The mean LH values were significantly higher compared to the control group. The duration of OM had a negative effect on the LH level. LH value was increased by almost 3 times during the OM prolongation. PRL value significantly increased in girls with the existence of OM for more than 2 years. Almost 23% of patients had deviations in the content of PRL, both in the direction of increase and decrease. FSH, on the contrary, mostly fluctuated within physiological values. An increase LH/FSH ratio was registered in every fourth girl with OM at the beginning of the disease. Number of girls with high values of this ratio increased by 1.5–1.6 times.OM is characterized by dysgonadotropinemia. It was found in more than half of the patients (53.5%). Normogonadotropinemia was registered in a less than a third of patients (26.3%). Every fifth to sixth girl had hypergonadotropinemia (both gonadotropin hormones are elevated). Hypogonadrtropinemia (both gonadotropin hormones are decreased) was noted in isolated cases. The most frequent variants of dysgonadotropinemia were a combination of high LH and normative FSH, or normative LH and reduced FSH. That is, a relative deficiency of FSH is formed. Conclusions. The most important cause of OM is a violation of hormonal relationships. An increase in the levels of LH and PRL with the extension of the OM duration increases the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome. Regardless of FSH fluctuations, mainly within reference values, a relative FSH insufficiency is formed. Even reduced PRL leads to the metabolic disorders.