EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY ON LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTIONS OF IRAQI TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread across different age groups globally, linking to conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, and notably type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Investigating the impact of vitamin D on T2DM and associated kidney and liver functions has gained recent attention. Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of vitamin D deficiency on kidney and liver functions in T2DM Iraqi patients. Methods: Fifty T2DM patients and 50 controls were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), vitamin D, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS 2012 software. Means were compared using t-tests. Results: Diabetic patients exhibited elevated glucose and HbA1c levels, alongside decreased vitamin D levels. Notably, male patients showed higher creatinine levels. Additionally, urea, bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP levels were elevated in diabetic patients, with more pronounced increases in males. Correlation analysis revealed negative associations between vitamin D and liver function parameters in male patients, and between vitamin D and both kidney and liver function parameters in females. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iraqi T2DM patients, linked with altered glucose, liver, and kidney function markers, highlighting the need for regular vitamin D monitoring and supplementation if necessary.