Optimal Allocation and Sizing of Multiple DGs with Reactive Power Capabilities in a Three-Phase Unbalanced Distribution System

Nowadays, Distributed Generators (DGs) are widely adopted in distribution networks to deliver fast, reliable, and clean power to the consumer maximize environmental preservation, and mitigate the impact of energy production on the environment. However, recurring issues like poor voltage profiling/stability and power loss arising from improper allocation and unsuitable sizing of the DGs have made it necessary for methods and approaches to be sought in order to mitigate these issues. This study proposes a method that can be used in optimizing the allocation and sizes of the DGs. The study employs the IEEE 37 node test system in OpenDSS to carry out power flow. The DG size, node, and power factor are the coordinated control variables presented in this study to minimize the power loss. Genetic Algorithm, Pattern Search, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithms have been exploited in the IEEE 37 node test feeder to find the optimal location, sizes, and power factors of the DGs. Notable variations resulting from four different cases considering power loss as an objective function are also presented. Results indicate that optimally sized and placed DGs operated with optimal power factors have reduced power losses by enhancing the voltage profile. In addition, the effect of the reactive power capability of DGs on the distribution system has been shown.