Validation of a Digital Human-Based Safety Education Framework for Migrant Construction Workers in Korea Using the CIPP Model and a Modified Delphi Study

The increasing number of industrial accidents among construction workers has highlighted the growing importance of safety education. This study aims to validate a digital human-based safety education (DHSE) framework for reducing industrial accidents among migrant construction workers (MCWs) in Korea. The framework was initially structured through a review of the literature and expert opinions using multiple-choice and open-ended questions. The participants included safety education practitioners, digital human experts, and professors. They identified the initial framework based on the context, input, process, and product evaluation model and completed the first round of a Delphi survey. In the second Delphi survey, participants’ level of agreement on the appropriateness of the questions was assessed, leading to the derivation of 70 items across four modules and 15 criteria. In the third round, the participants confirmed their final responses, achieving expert consensus. With the derived mean (≥3.50), standard deviation, consensus (≥0.75), convergence (≤0.50), and coefficient of variation (<0.25), the need for a DHSE framework for MCWs was validated. Recommendations regarding educational content and application are proposed. After developing a programme based on the DHSE framework and applying it to MCWs, an effectiveness evaluation is necessary. We expect that these results will enhance value-based social sustainability.