Evaluating the Functionality of a Field-Based Test Battery for the Identification of Risk for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: An Exploratory Factor Analysis
(1) Background: A parsimonious test battery is deemed necessary to efficiently assess the functional performance of athletes avoiding redundant measurements. This study investigates the interrelationships between elements of an experimental field-based test battery during pre-season assessment (PA), with the purpose of enhancing comprehension of the underlying structure of the assessed variables and suggesting guidelines for the tests incorporated in a PA. (2) Methods: Sixty-two professional football athletes performed a PA, including isometric muscle strength, triple hop and core stability tests, the LESS, and evaluation of landing performance through kinetic and electromyographic data. (3) Results: For the dominant lower limb, the factor analysis resulted in six factors, explaining 79.04% of the variance including core stability, ground reaction forces, dynamic balance, hamstrings strength, quadriceps–hamstring EMG ratio, and quadriceps performance. For the non-dominant lower limb, factor analysis resulted in five factors, explaining 76.60% of the variance including core stability, dynamic balance, ground reaction force, quadriceps–hamstring EMG ratio, and quadriceps–abductors strength. The LESS was loaded with various factors. (4) Conclusions: Given the need for efficient field-based assessments that can be repeated throughout the season without sacrificing data quality, we suggest incorporating the LESS, the prone bridge test, and force-plate-based landing performance evaluation as key elements of the PA.
Authors
- Vasileios Sideris (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6373-4982)
- Nikolaos I. Liveris
- Giannis Giakas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9218-0114)
- George Papageorgiou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-6419)
- Charis Tsarbou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-531X)
- Sofia A. Xergia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-4929)
- Elias Tsepis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9369-3261)
Institutions
- University of Thessaly (GR)
- University of Patras (GR)
- European University Cyprus (CY)
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital (QA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Applied Sciences
- Published
- 2024-12-28
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010167
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.72