Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Flavonoid-Rich Extracts from Anisomeles malabarica (L)

ABSTRACT: This study revealed the antioxidant, antimicrobial, GC-MS, FTIR, and UV-Vis. of ethanol derived from Anisomeles malabarica leaves to identify a new resource with potential therapeutic applications. This study used well-known extraction and significant separation techniques to focus on flavonoid compounds' preparative isolation. The Anisomeles malabarica leaf extract inhibited the DPPH by approximately 62.10% at increasing concentrations (500 µg/ml), 38.47% at minimal concentrations (10 µg/ml), and IC50 at 79.07 µg/ml, separately. The ABTS+ assay revealed that 84.1 per cent of the concentration at the lowest concentration (10 µg/ml) and 91.04% at increasing concentrations (500 µg/ml) showed inhibition. According to the H2O2, the IC50 was 51.67 µg/ml, and the inhibition was approximately 77.8% at higher concentrations (500 µg/ml) and 38.5% at lower concentrations (10 µg/ml). The antimicrobial activity of an Anisomeles malabarica leaf extract was examined against gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungi. Staphylococcus aureus (15.25±0.35mm), Corynebacterium diphtheria (14.25±0.35 mm), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (14.5±0.7mm), was achieved at 500 µg/ml. While Proteus vulgaris (50 µg /ml, as 5.25±0.7 mm). The antifungal activity against Phialophora verrucosa was achieved at (500 µg/ml, 18.5±0.35 mm) and (400 µg /ml, 17.25±0.7 mm). Whereas Sporothrix schenckii (200 µg /ml, as 4.5±0.7 mm). The leaf extract of Anisomeles malabarica, analysed using GC-MS and FTIR, contained 40 flavonoid compounds, with five peak compounds identified, indicating its potential for phytochemical screening. The study reveals that A. malabarica leaves possess antioxidant properties, effectively treating bacterial degenerative diseases in conventional medicine and validating their use in pharmaceutical formulations.