Tuning Synthesis Parameters for Eco-friendly Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Pimenta dioica Extract

The fabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) through green synthesis techniques with Pimenta dioica extract, focusing on the effects of extract proportion, reaction time, temperature, pH, and stirring speed (RPM) on nanoparticle properties. The aim is to identify optimal conditions for producing IONPs with desirable characteristics for biomedical applications. The process involved combining extract, FeCl2 (Ferric chloride) and FeSO4 (ferrous sulphate) with 25% ammonia, then subjecting to calcination. The properties of the obtained nanoparticles were assessed, including particle size, zeta potential, thermal stability, magnetization, entrapment efficiency, and drug release. Optimal conditions were found to be a 2:1 extract proportion, 2-3 hours synthesis time, 60-80°C temperature, pH of 10-11, and 900 RPM. Under these conditions, the IONPs exhibited small particle sizes, high thermal stability, high magnetization, and high drug release rates. This study highlights the potential of Pimenta dioica extract in the green synthesis of IONPs, providing insights for optimizing nanoparticle synthesis for medical applications.