A Blockchain-Based Edge Computing Group Signature Authentication Model for Underwater Clustered Networks

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are pivotal for advancing maritime capabilities. These networks predominantly utilize acoustic communication, characterized by an open and shared acoustic channel and energy-limited underwater nodes, which underscores the critical importance of node authentication and management. Blockchain technology, recognized for its security, confidentiality, and traceability, is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring secure data exchange. This paper proposes a blockchain-based collaborative node authentication model tailored for clustered networks in UWSNs to tackle the challenges posed by the open nature of acoustic channels and the constrained energy resources of underwater nodes. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are deployed as blockchain nodes to aid cluster heads in identity verification, while all underwater acoustic nodes are integrated as lightweight blockchain nodes, thus ensuring uniform management and authentication. Furthermore, this study enhances existing clustering algorithms to prolong the operational lifespan of the network and introduces a group signature and authentication mechanism tailored to the unique conditions of underwater blockchain edge computing. This mechanism includes a robust two-round block verification scheme designed to secure the blockchain against potential consensus algorithm attacks. Comprehensive simulations are presented, validating the effectiveness of the proposed group signature solution in enhancing the security and sustainability of underwater clustered networks.