Phenolic and Flavonoids Contributions to the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anticholesterol Activities of Eriobotrya japonica Fruit Extract: An In Vitro Analysis

Eriobotrya japonica has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties. This study investigates its fruit ethanol extract's phenolic and flavonoids profiles and evaluates its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholesterol activities. Eriobotrya japonica fruit ethanol extract was tested for total phenolic and flavonoid content using Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods. The antioxidant capacity was assessed by DPPH and metal chelation assays. The antidiabetic action was assessed using α-glucosidase inhibition and the Nelson-Somogyi method, whereas the Liebermann-Burchard method was used to measure anticholesterol. The extract exhibited large quantities of phenolics (38.62 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (4.23 mg QE/g), demonstrating robust antioxidant activity with IC50 of 55 μg/mL by DPPH method and substantial inhibition (71%) by metal ion chelation. In addition, it exhibited strong antidiabetic effects 2.42 μg/mL in the α-glucosidase inhibition test, and at 10 μg/mL using the Nelson-Somogyi method resulted in a 24.02% yield. The extract demonstrated a significant reduction in cholesterol levels during the process of cholesterol reduction, obtaining a maximum reduction of 47.31% at the highest concentration tested. Ethanol extract of Eriobotrya japonica can be used in treating oxidative stress and diabetes and introduce its potential to reduce cholesterol levels. The high content of phenolic and flavonoids total contributes to its bioactivities, indicating its potential as a functional food ingredient.