Guiding Excellence: Examining the Nexus of Principal Leadership and Teaching Quality in Enhancing Students Learning in Pancasila and Citizenship Education

This study investigates the impact of principal leadership and teacher teaching quality on the academic achievement of Class XI students in Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PKN) at SMA Negeri 5 Bandung during the 2020/2021 academic year. Understanding these factors is crucial for improving educational outcomes in civic education. The research involved 470 students, with data on principal leadership and teaching quality collected through a structured, closed-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire's validity and reliability were verified, and chi-square tests confirmed the normal distribution of data. Hypotheses were tested using linear regression analysis to assess the individual and combined effects of the variables on student achievement. The analysis revealed that principal leadership significantly influences PKN academic achievement among Class XI students. Teacher teaching quality also has a substantial impact on PKN achievement. Additionally, the combined influence of principal leadership and teaching quality was found to significantly affect student achievement, highlighting the importance of these factors in educational success. These findings underscore the critical role of effective leadership and high-quality teaching in enhancing student outcomes in civic education. The study provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers aiming to improve academic performance in similar contexts. Principal leadership and teacher teaching quality are key contributors to student achievement in PKN. This research highlights the need for targeted strategies to strengthen leadership and teaching practices to foster better educational outcomes in civic education.