CHALLENGES IN TRAINING AND SIMULATION FOR ENHANCING CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION IN MALAYSIAN DISASTER RESPONSE

Effective disaster management in Malaysia, particularly in the face of frequent natural disasters such as floods and landslides, requires robust coordination between civil agencies and military personnel. This study explores the critical components of civil-military collaboration, with a specific focus on joint training and simulation exercises. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key personnel from disaster response agencies and analyzed alongside case studies, such as the Shah Alam flood incident of 2021. The findings highlight significant gaps in current training programs, particularly in integrating civil and military efforts and in addressing the unpredictable nature of disasters. The study underscores the importance of advanced simulation tools, such as virtual and augmented reality, in enhancing preparedness. Additionally, the research reveals communication challenges, such as the underutilization of the Government Integrated Radio Network (GIRN), and emphasizes the need for standardized communication protocols across agencies. While existing frameworks provide a solid foundation, the study identifies areas for improvement, including the need for more comprehensive multi-agency simulations and specialized leadership training. The study's conclusions offer valuable insights for policymakers and disaster management professionals, advocating for a culture of continuous improvement and collaboration to build a more resilient disaster management framework in Malaysia.