Ordered Charging for Charging Station with Energy Storage Considering Electric Vehicle Aggregated Behavior

The development of electric vehicles (EVs) will help achieve a greener future and impact the electricity demand, which increases the operation risk in the distribution gird. EV charging stations (CS) with energy storage (ES) provides a new idea for alleviating urban charging demand. An agent-based model is presented to simulate the behavior of EVs based on real-world characteristics such as battery capacity, state of charge (SOC), and travel patterns. With the incorporation of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), CS equipped with ES is proposed to coordinate the charging and discharging behaviors of both EVs and ES. An optimal scheduling strategy is developed to maximize the revenue of CS, considering multiple external factors such as time-of-use (TOU) pricing, EV user behavior. Finally, the case study is provided to verify that coordinated charging strategies and the integration of ES can significantly enhance the economic viability and operational efficiency of CS.