Inertia Calculation and Evaluation of Heterogeneous Frequency Regulation Resources in Regional Power Grids

In power systems with high renewable energy penetration, while some studies have explored the impact of virtual inertia on grid frequency regulation, the system frequency response model and its mechanisms remain unclear. This uncertainty complicates the accurate assessment of power electronics' contributions to frequency regulation. Furthermore, research on virtual inertia control’s role in optimizing grid frequency regulation resources is limited. This paper develops a system frequency response model, proposes a method for calculating system inertia, and evaluates the current inertia levels of generators in regional grids. Case studies illustrate the inertia support provided by grid-forming and grid-following controls, emphasizing the critical role of power electronics in enhancing system stability and responsiveness through additional inertia support.