Bidding and Operation Method of Photovoltaic-Storage System in Energy-reserve Market

This paper proposes an optimal bidding strategy in day-ahead energy-reserve market and power adjustment method in real-time market at the distribution level for the photovoltaic (PV)-storage system taking into account the PV output and price uncertainties. In the day-ahead electricity market, the optimal bidding decision-making is carried out to increase the energy revenue and reduce the reserve payment for the PV-storage system. The charging/discharging plan and upward/downward reserve plan of the energy storage system (ESS) are arranged to change the energy and reserve bids in an optimal way. In the real-time electricity market, the power adjustment strategy of the ESS is presented based on the day-ahead reserve plan, to reduce the penalty caused by actual output deviation of PV. Lastly, a modified IEEE 33 node system is utilized for verifying the effectiveness of the bidding and operation strategy proposed in this paper via numerous simulations. The simulation results reveal that the novel method increases the total profits of the PV-storage system for participating in energy-reserve market.