A Double-Layer Planning Model for Source-Grid-Load-Storage Considering Regional Flexibility Mutual Assistance under Carbon Emission Reduction Objectives

In the new power system, the load is characterized by weak rigidity and flexible supply. With the integration of large-scale renewable energy into local power grids, the flexible supply and demand distribution in different regions of provincial power grids is uneven. Fully tapping and releasing flexibility for regional mutual assistance can reduce the flexibility planning cost of source grid load storage and the carbon emission cost of the system. The paper establishes a double-Layer planning model of source grid load storage considering regional flexibility mutual assistance under the carbon reduction target. Firstly, based on optimization theory, a regulation potential evaluation model is established for demand-side flexibility resources such as temperature-controlled loads, electric vehicles, data centers, and 5G base stations. Then, aiming at minimizing the cost of power grid planning and carbon emissions, considering the constraints of power grid operation and flexibility mutual assistance among regions, the decision variables of source grid load storage capacity are integrated into production simulation. A collaborative planning model of source grid load storage considering the partitioning and mutual assistance of flexibility resources is established, and a linearized transformation solution method is proposed. Finally, simulation analysis is conducted using the actual provincial partitioned power grid planning data for 2025. The results show that the proposed method can effectively balance the flexibility among regions and reduce the carbon emission cost of the system.