Multi - Frame Detection and Angle Estimation Algorithm in 4D Millimeter Wave Radar

In this paper, the dynamic-programming track-before-detect (DP-TBD) algorithm is used to achieve weak target detection and high-precision angle estimation in four dimensions (4D) millimeter wave radar systems. Typically, the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm requires accurate snapshot data containing the target. However, the conventional single-frame detection methods inevitably have information loss after low threshold detection, which makes it difficult to realize accurate estimation of weak target azimuth and elevation angle by using the snapshot data. To solve the above problems, a DOA estimation method of 4D millimeter wave radar based on multi-frame joint detection and tracking is proposed in this paper. First, the target model and measurement model are introduced. The DP-TBD algorithm is introduced to utilize the correlation characteristics of target motion in multi-frame measurements for energy accumulation and initial trajectory extraction. Then, the accurate snapshot data is extracted for angle estimation based on the initial trajectory to improve the angle estimation accuracy in the azimuth-elevation dimension. Finally, we can obtain an accurate target trajectory. The simulation experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of detection performance and estimation accuracy.